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| Gems Around The World |
| Gemstones such as quartz and garnet are found worldwide. Rarer gemstones like diamonds, sapphires and emeralds are reserved in certain countries due to geological conditions. Formation of a gemstone relates closely to the minerals deposit, heat and pressure. For example, the formation of natural diamond requires very specific conditions. Diamond requires exposure of carbon-bearing materials to high pressure and high temperature range to crystallize. |
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Diamond |
South Africa, Zaire, Australia, India, Brazil, Botswana, United States, Canada & Russia |
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Sapphire |
Thailand, Sri Lanka, Australia, Madagascar, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tanzania, Kenya & United States |
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Ruby |
Thailand, Mynamar, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar, Vietnam, Nepal & Tajikistan |
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Emerald |
Brazil, Colombia, Pakistan, Egypt, Zambia, Austria, Zimbabwe, Madagascar, India, Afghanistan and Russia |
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Pearl |
Australia, Japan, China & Tahiti |
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Opal |
Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Indonesia, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Ethiopia |
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Peridot |
Pakistan, China, Egypt, United States, Australia, Brazil, Kenya, Mexico, Myanmar, Norway, South Africa and Tanzania |
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Aquamarine |
Russia, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Afghanistan, Colombia, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, United States and Kenya |
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| Traditional Mining |
Mining of gemstone has been done since pre-historic times. The process usually involves a small group of peoples using simple tool to excavate. The oldest known mine on archaeological record is the "Lion Cave" in Swaziland. Radiocarbon dating proves the mine to be about 43,000 years old. |
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| Modern Mining |
Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials and finally reclamation of the land to prepare it for other uses once the mine is closed. Modern mining created huge impact to the environment by exhausting earth's mineral, loss of biodiversity and increase of global warming. |
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